Universal Design for Learning (UDL): A Framework for all Students

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is a teaching framework that helps us design our lessons in a way that all students have equal access to learning, ensuring that every student has an equal chance to succeed. It originated in the field of special education but can be applied across all classrooms. It is grounded in the science of learning and neuroscience. 

The aim of UDL is to use diverse teaching methods that remove barriers to learning. It focuses on creating flexibility so instruction can adapt to each learner’s strengths and needs. In this way, UDL supports all students. 

Although UDL is not designed only for students who learn and think differently, it can be especially valuable for them - even for those without a formal diagnosis. It can also be very helpful for English language learners.

Why is it important?

• It addresses student diversity: different interests, abilities, and language backgrounds.
• It creates flexible learning environments.
• It supports neurodiverse learners and learners with disabilities.
• It supports inclusion and equity in education.

What is it?

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) is built around three core principles:

1. Engagement – the “Why” of learning

Find ways to spark learners’ motivation and keep them interested. Examples include:

• Offering choice in topics, resources, or project formats.
• Connecting assignments to learners’ real-life experiences and goals.
• Turning practice into games, challenges, or competitions.
• Providing opportunities for movement, collaboration, or hands-on exploration.
• Allowing students to set personal goals and track their own progress.
• Building in peer interaction and cooperative learning.

2. Representation – the “What” of learning

Present information in multiple ways so all students can understand. Examples include:

• Pairing written materials with audio explanations or captions.
• Using videos, demonstrations, or simulations to show how to solve a problem.
• Providing visual supports such as diagrams, charts, or concept maps.
• Using manipulatives or models for hands-on exploration.
• Simplifying or scaffolding texts with glossaries, summaries, or visuals.
• Offering translations or bilingual resources for multilingual learners.

3. Action and Expression – the “How” of learning

Give learners different ways to interact with the material and demonstrate their understanding. Examples include:

• Choosing between a written test, an oral presentation, or a project.
• Creating a video, podcast, comic strip, infographic, or slideshow.
• Working individually or as part of a group project.
• Using technology tools (e.g., speech-to-text, digital portfolios, interactive quizzes).
• Allowing students to express knowledge through art, drama, or role play.
• Encouraging learners to build prototypes, models, or experiments.

Implementing UDL does not have to be an “all or nothing” effort; even small adjustments can make a meaningful difference.

In essence, UDL is about flexibility - providing multiple ways for students to engage, access information, and demonstrate their learning. In many ways, this is something English language teachers have already been practicing for years.